The influence of media use degree on public depressive symptoms: mediating role of big five personality.

BACKGROUND: Mixed results have been found regarding the relationship between media use degree and depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between media use degree, big five personality and depressive symptoms with a mediation model. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study. With 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and self-designed media usage scale, 11,031 participants aged 12 and above in 120 cities in China were collected. Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed on the data. The Process plug-in was used to construct the mediation model and explore the relationship among media use degree, big five personality and depressive symptoms. The nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of personality traits. RESULTS: The degree of media use was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.20, P < 0.001), and big five personality played a mediating role between the degree of media use and depressive symptoms. Among five traits, extroversion (r=-0.12, P < 0.001), conscientiousness (r=-0.23, P < 0.001), openness (r=-0.03, P < 0.01) and agreeableness (r=-0.22, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, and neuroticism (r = 0.25, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. In addition, extraversion (-0.004, -0.001), conscientiousness (-0.015, -0.008), agreeableness (-0.008, -0.001) and neuroticism (-0.015, -0.007) in big five personality played a mediating role between media use and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: The degree of media use positively predicted depressive symptoms, and excessive media use may bring risks to mental health. People with high neuroticism, low agreeableness, low conscientiousness and low extroversion are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.

Sources of antimony contamination and its migration into water systems of Xikuangshan, China: Evidence from hydrogeochemical and stable isotope (H, O, S, and Sr) signatures.

The Xikuangshan (XKS) mine was selected for a comprehensive Sb-related hydrogeochemical study because of its significant Sb contamination in water systems. Hydrochemical data, specifically multi-isotope (H, O, S, and Sr) data, were conducted to elucidate the primary sources and migration processes of Sb responsible for water system contamination. At the XKS Sb mine, water is near-neutral to alkaline and is characterized by high concentrations of SO42- and Sb. Sb occurs as Sb(OH)6- (the dominant species) in these oxidized waters. The hydrochemistry is mainly controlled by carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering. δ2HH2O and δ18OH2O values indicate that the infiltration recharge of mine water and mining activities regulate the migration of Sb in groundwater. δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values indicate that dissolved SO42- and Sb primarily come from stibnite oxidation, bacterial SO42- reduction has either not occurred or is extremely weak, and the reductive dissolution of Fe (III) hydroxides does not significantly affect Sb migration in water. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios further indicate that the discharge of solid mine wastes leaching and smelting water is a crucial source of Sb contamination in groundwater. In addition, the relationship between δ34SSO4 and δ87Sr values suggests the complexity of the contamination source and migration of Sb in water. Finally, a robust conceptual hydrogeochemical model was developed using isotopic tools in combination with detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemistry characterization to describe the contamination source and migration of Sb in water systems at the XKS Sb mine.

Novel insights into the mechanisms for Sb mobilization in groundwater in a mining area: A colloid field study.

Colloids may play an important role in the geochemical cycle of antimony (Sb). However, the controlling behaviors of colloids on Sb fate in contaminated groundwater are not available. To investigate the effects of colloids on Sb mobility, groundwater samples from Xikuangshan Sb Mine's two main aquifers (the D3s2 aquifer and the D3x4 aquifer) were successively (ultra)filtered through progressively decreasing pore sizes (0.45 µm, 100 kDa, 50 kDa and 5 kDa). The results showed that 0.1-84.1% of Sb was adsorbed or carried by colloids, which corresponded to Sb concentration ranging between 0 and 2973 µg/L in the colloids (0.45 µm - 5 kDa). In both aquifers, Sb was closely associated with organic colloids (r = 0.72 p < 0.05 for the D3x4 aquifer, r = 0.94 p < 0.01 for the D3s2 aquifer). Parallel factor analysis of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra determined that the protein-like substances in the D3x4 aquifer and the humus-like substances in the D3s2 aquifer controlled Sb behavior. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed Sb complexing with organic substances. Competitive adsorption of As and Sb suppressed the complexation of colloids with Sb, particularly in the D3x4 aquifer (r = -0.71, p < 0.05). Sb mobility was also influenced by the redox of the groundwater system. As the oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen increased, Sb in the colloidal fractions decreased. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in Sb fate affected by colloids, establishing the theoretical basis for developing effective Sb and even metalloid pollution remediation strategies.

Effects of smoke-free government policy in Qingdao, China: Evidence from the path analysis.

Smoke-free government(SFG), as a key tobacco control measure, has been added in Healthy China 2030 blueprint and Qingdao started the establishment of the demonstrative SFG in 2020.This study examined the effects of SFG policy on smoking and smoke-free(SF) environment after establishing the demonstrative SFG. This cross-sectional survey selected participants by simple random sampling from party and government agencies in Qingdao (N = 3625) and the participants filled in questionnaires online from November 31 to December 15, 2020. We utilized AMOS to set up models to analyze the direct and indirect effects of SFG policy. The findings showed that knowledge of SFG policy was positively associated with SF environment(ß = 0.29, P<0.001) and negatively associated with smoking(ß = -0.14,P<0.001). Knowledge of SFG policy had indirect effects on SF environment through four channels: independent mediation of discouraging smoking and attitude towards SFG policy, as well as chain mediation of these two factors, and perception of tobacco hazards and discouraging smoking, with indirect effects accounting for 33.5% of the total effect. Knowledge of SFG policy had indirect effects on smoking reduction via SF environment and two chain mediation: SF environment and attitude towards SFG policy, perception of tobacco hazards and intention to quit smoking, with indirect effects accounting for 50.2% of the total effect. The results provided the evidence that SFG policy not only had positive effects on creating SF environment but also on reducing smoking. The efficient policy infiltration to individuals played a vital role in the establishment of SFG. Attitude towards SFG policy, discouraging smoking and SF environment were the potential mediators for SFG policy. Findings in this study added more evidence related to effect mechanism of SFG policy and had a positive influence on promoting the implementation SFG policies for China and other countries.

Understanding influencing attributes of COVID-19 vaccine preference and willingness-to-pay among Chinese and American middle-aged and elderly adults: A discrete choice experiment and propensity score matching study.

Background and objective: COVID-19 has imposed burdens on public health systems globally. Owing to the urgency of vaccination, this study aimed at comparing the differences in preference and willingness to pay of COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese and American middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey containing demographic questions, rating their acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination with and without recommendations from friends, family members or employers (the social cues referred to in our study), and a discrete choice experiment understanding COVID-19 vaccine preference and willingness to pay was conducted to collect data. Propensity score matching was utilized to adjust confounding factors of baseline characteristics and the relative importance of respondents' preference for each attribute and its level was estimated using a conditional logit model. Then, willingness to pay was calculated. Results: In total, 3,494 (2,311 and 1,183 from China and the United States, respectively) completed the questionnaire, among which 3,444 questionnaires were effective. After propensity score matching, 1,604 respondents with 802 from the US and 802 from China were included. Under the influence of the social cues, Chinese respondents' vaccine acceptance decreased from 71.70 to 70.70%, while American respondents' vaccine acceptance increased from 74.69 to 75.81%. The discrete choice experiment showed that American respondents regarded the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine as the most important attribute, whereas Chinese respondents attached the highest importance to the cost of vaccination. But overall, the COVID-19 vaccine with the higher efficacy, the milder adverse effect, the lower cost, and the longer duration will promote the preference of the public in both countries. Additionally, the public were willing to spend the most money for a reduction in COVID-19 vaccine adverse effect from moderate to very mild (37.476USD for the United States, 140.503USD for China), followed by paying for the 1% improvement in its efficacy and paying for the one-month extension of its duration. Conclusion: Given the impact of social cues on vaccine acceptance, Chinese government should promote reasonable vaccine-related information to improve national vaccination acceptance. Meanwhile, considering the influence of COVID-19 attributes on public preference and willingness to pay, regulating the vaccine pricing, improving the efficacy of the vaccine, reducing its adverse effect, and prolonging the duration of the vaccine works will contribute to vaccine uptake.

Antimony (Sb) isotopic signature in water systems from the world's largest Sb mine, central China: Novel insights to trace Sb source and mobilization.

The Xikuangshan (XKS) mine, the world's largest antimony (Sb) mine, was chosen for a detailed Sb isotopic signature study owing to its historical Sb contamination of water systems. Hydrochemical data, in particularδ123Sb values, were analyzed to identify the Sb source and predominant geochemical processes that affect Sb mobilization in different waters. The δ123Sb values of waters from the XKS Sb mine range from - 0.20‰ to + 0.73‰. In particular, the δ123Sb values of the main Feishuiyan stream do not significantly vary (+0.19‰-+0.24‰), while those of groundwater in different aquifers (-0.08‰ to +0.73‰) and mine water in different adits (-0.20‰ to +0.37‰) vary over a wide range. The relationships between δ123Sb values and Sb concentrations indicate that a simple dilution of Sb and a weak Sb adsorption onto Fe/Mn suspended particles and sediments in the Feishuiyan stream may occur, oxidative weathering and leaching infiltration of Sb-containing waste rocks and slags may cause variations in the δ123Sb values in groundwater, and Sb mobilization in the mine water is influenced by a combination of processes (oxidative dissolution, adsorption of Fe/Mn (hydr)oxides, and mixing). A conceptual hydrogeochemical model was summarized to elucidate the Sb source and mobilization in water systems from the XKS Sb mine.

Media use and organ donation willingness: A latent profile analysis from Chinese residents.

Background: Previous studies have paid attention to media as an important channel for understanding organ donation knowledge and have not divided groups according to the degree of media use to study their differences in organ donation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the influence of media use on organ donation willingness and the influencing factors of organ donation willingness of people with different media use levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study of residents from 120 cities in China was conducted by questionnaire survey. Using Mplus 8.3 software, the latent profile analysis of seven media usage related items was made, and multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the influence of varying levels of media use on organ donation willingness of different population. Results: All the interviewees were divided into three groups, namely, "Occluded media use" (9.7%), "Ordinary media use" (67.1%) and "High-frequency media use" (23.2%). Compared with ordinary media use, high-frequency media population (ß = 0.06, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with their willingness to accept organ donation, residents who used media occlusion (ß = -0.02, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with their willingness to accept organ donation. The influencing factors of residents' accept willingness to organ donation were different among the types of occluded media use, ordinary media use and high-frequency media use. Conclusion: It is necessary to formulate personalized and targeted dissemination strategies of organ donation health information for different media users.

Factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking employees in the workplace: A cross-sectional study in Qingdao, China.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to describe secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking employees in the workplace, and identify factors related to SHS exposure in Qingdao. METHODS: The study participants covered key non-smoking places stipulated in the "Qingdao City Smoking Control Regulations," which included three categories: restaurants, bars, and office buildings. Airborne nicotine concentration in the workplace and saliva cotinine concentration of employees were measured. The questionnaire included employees' demographic factors, smoke-free measures in the workplace, employers' tobacco hazard knowledge, and attitudes towards smoke-free policy. RESULTS: A total of 222 non-smoking employees and 46 non-smoking employers were included in the study. The median concentrations of airborne nicotine and salivary cotinine were 0.389 µg/m3 and 0.575 ng/mL, respectively. Educational status, average number of workplace smokers per day, exposure time to SHS in the workplace, and whether smoking and non-smoking areas were divided significantly related to airborne nicotine concentration. Age, educational status, exposure time to SHS in the workplace, tobacco control training and publicity, and whether the employers support the "Qingdao Tobacco Control Regulation" were significantly related to salivary cotinine concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the implementation of the "Qingdao Smoking Control Regulations" in 2013, the workplace remains an important location for SHS exposure. Interventions such as raising workers' awareness of the risks associated with SHS exposure through health education and developing smoking prevention and cessation programs to reduce SHS exposure in the workplace are urgently needed.

Effects of oxygen on the adsorption/oxidation of aqueous Sb(III) by Fe-loaded biochar: An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study.

Fe-loaded biochar (FeBC) has been considered for Sb(III) adsorption, but the effects of oxygen (O2) on the adsorption need further investigation. Liquid-/solid-phase analyses were conducted to investigate the role of O2 in the Sb(III) adsorption by FeBC. The adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model for kinetic results and by the Langmuir model for thermodynamic results. More than 96.8 % of Sb(III) was adsorbed by FeBC, and available O2 increased the liquid-phase Sb(III) oxidation efficiency by 2.1-7.5 times. The peak changes at ~1640 and 3450 cm-1 in FTIR spectra indicated the occurrence of inner-sphere complexation between Sb(III)/Sb(V) and hydroxyl (-OH)/carboxyl (-COOH) groups in FeBC under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Fe/Sb X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis results showed aqueous Sb(III) complexed to the edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) in FeBC. Regardless of whether O2 was available or not, solid-phase edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Sb(V) complexes (~3.05 Å), which had lower toxicity and migration ability than aqueous Sb(III), formed through a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) process. More than 91 % of adsorbed Sb(III) was oxidized to edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Sb(V) complexes in 3 h. Additionally, the Sb(V) from liquid-phase oxidation could also directly complex to the Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) and form edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Sb(V) complexes. These results provide evidence to inform further FeBC application for the Sb-contaminated water treatment.

A Moderated Mediation Model of the Relationship between Family Dynamics and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Role of Big Five Personality and Only-Child Status.

Sleep quality among college students is affected by numerous factors. Previous studies have linked sleep quality to family dynamics as well as personality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to incorporate a moderated mediation model to explore the big five personality traits in mediating the relationship between family dynamics and sleep quality and whether this indirect relationship is modified by only-child status among Chinese undergraduate students. Survey data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong, China and 1022 undergraduate students aged 18-24 were recruited. The mediation and moderated mediation modeling analyses were carried out with the software SPSS PROCESS macro. After controlling for gender and grade, mediation analysis indicated that conscientiousness and agreeableness of the big five personality traits partially mediated the link between family dynamics and sleep quality (ß = -0.0093, CI: -0.0178, -0.0018; ß = -0.0047, CI: -0.0084, -0.0013), and moderation analysis found only-child status acted as a moderator in the relationship between family dynamics and the agreeableness of the big five personality traits (only child, ß = -0.0129, CI: -0.0196, -0.0072; non-only-child, ß = -0.0040, CI: -0.0078, -0.0002). Results showed that family dynamics positively predicted sleep quality both directly and indirectly via the conscientiousness and agreeableness of big five personality traits. Only-child status moderated the indirect association between family dynamics and agreeableness of big five personality traits. The current study advanced our understanding of the mechanism underlying the connection between family dynamics and sleep quality and helped to develop intervention measures to improve sleep quality of college students.

Reduction of antimony mobility from Sb-rich smelting slag by Shewanella oneidensis: Integrated biosorption and precipitation.

The dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria play a significant role in the mobility of antimony (Sb) under reducing environment. Sb-rich smelting slag is iron (Fe)-containing antimonic mine waste, which is one of the main sources of antimony pollution. In this study, the soluble antimony reacted with Fe(III) by S. oneidensis (Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1) was performed in reduction condition, then the dissolution behavior of the Sb-rich smelting slag with S. oneidensis was investigated. The results showed that the released Sb was immobilized by S. oneidensis and the strain adsorbed Sb(III) preferentially. Sb(V) can be reduced by S. oneidensis without aqueous Fe. In the presence of Fe(III), S. oneidensis mediated Sb bio-adsorption and the chemical redox of Sb-Fe occurred simultaneously. Sb was co-precipitated with Fe to form the Sb(V)-O-Fe(III) secondary mineral, which was identified as the bidentate mononuclear edge-sharing structure by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. These results suggest that S. oneidensis has a positive effect on the immobilization and minimizing toxicity of antimony in anoxic soil and groundwater, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of antimony contamination.

The antimony sorption and transport mechanisms in removal experiment by Mn-coated biochar.

A method of Mn-coated biochar production was developed, which showed great removal ability of trivalent antimony (Sb(III)) (0.94 mg g-1) and pentavalent antimony (Sb(V)) (0.73 mg g-1), and the adsorption capacity was stable under different pH. According to the adsorption kinetics and isotherm, the adsorption process of both Sb(III) and Sb(V) was chemisorption, which was both monolayer and poly layers heterogeneous chemisorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analyses indicated that the main oxides and functional groups involved in the adsorption were manganese oxides (MnOx), carboxyl and hydroxyl groups and Sb(V) was combined with Mn-coated biochar by inner-sphere complexation. Sb(III) was oxidized by oxygen and MnOx which was both on the surface of biochar and dissolved in solution. Furthermore, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) showed that Sb(V) was the main species after Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorbed on the Mn-coated biochar. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis indicated that Sb(III) and MnOx formed the monodentate mononuclear and corner-sharing complexes with a structure of Mn-O-Sb on Mn-coated biochar. While Sb(V) and MnOx formed inner-sphere complexes including edge-sharing and corner-sharing complexes. The new synthetic material can contribute to develop new remediation strategies for treating Sb-contaminated water.